On 20 November 2025, the Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA Europe) convened a roundtable in Brussels to discuss the Digital Fairness Act (DFA). The event focused on key questions surrounding dark patterns and online personalisation, as well as European consumers’ first-hand experiences with personalised online services.
The timely discussion brought together EU policymakers from the European Commission and European Parliament, leading industry experts, consumer organisations, providers of online content, as well as think tanks and other trade associations.
Participants explored the diverse added value of online personalisation – from online marketplaces and video-on-demand services to ride-hailing apps and social media. Discussions also addressed the extensive coverage already provided by EU law regarding dark patterns and transparency requirements, as well as the importance of consumer trust for any business operating online.
The roundtable offered insight into the findings of recent research on how EU consumers experience online personalisation and dark patterns, as well as a new study examining how existing EU regulations already cover key aspects the Digital Fairness Act also seeks to address.
As discussions around the DFA continue ahead of the publication of its impact assessment and official initiative in 2026, the roundtable underscored the importance of harmonising enforcement of existing rules and strengthening coordination among authorities and Member States.
A selection of photos from the event can be viewed below.
